Go to , and get a Hornady reloading manual. It has everything you mention and much more. Better yet, call them up at 1-800-243-3220, and talk to a human!

Hands down the best thing I ever did to learn about guns was to take a gun pro gunsmithing course, by correspondence. Also magazines too can teach you about guns and ammo. As a matter of fact, Guns and Ammo magazine is one of the best. Join the NRA and get one of their mags too. Try this book “cartridges of the world” or any Gun Digest books. Likely there is one at your Wal-Mart. Also try looking around on-line.

Here’s a link to Midway’s reloading books and videos. By going through some of the reloading manuals you will find a lot of information about how different powders and bullets work. The videos are nice short cuts as well.
***

You’re obviously connected to the internet… one of the greatest Information retrieval systems ever developed. Wikipedia can be a good source of information. It’s at least a good starting point. Once you get started your problem won’t be finding enough links that interest you…. the problem will be narrowing the possibilities to a reasonable number.

Becoming a shooter yourself is still the best way to get started. Take a gun safety course and buy yourself a firearm. You sound like you’ll be hooked after that. Then the learning can really begin.

I have no idea what you mean by “tips,” but you’ll do well to grab the handloading manuals at a gunshop or sporting goods store. One other book I can think of off the top of my head is Barnes’ “Cartridges of the World,” which isn’t quite so all-inclusive as its title purports, but still has more listings of different cartridges than any other source I can think of.
What makes a bullet a bullet is pretty straightforward: guns shoot either ball or shot, and any ball ammunition (that is, anything that shoots a single projectile), even including shotgun slugs, can very well be classified as a bullet.